11 Ingredients to Watch Out For in Mainstream Eyeliner

When it comes to makeup products, especially eyeliners, safety should always be a top priority, particularly when it involves the delicate and sensitive skin of children. Many mainstream eyeliners contain a variety of chemicals that, while effective in creating bold, long-lasting looks, can also pose potential health risks. 

These harmful ingredients may irritate the skin, cause allergic reactions, disrupt hormonal balance, or even contribute to long-term health issues. As children's skin is thinner and more absorbent, it's crucial to be extra cautious about the products used around their eyes.

We'll highlight some of the most common toxic and harmful ingredients found in mainstream eyeliners, so you can make informed choices when shopping for safe, gentle alternatives for your child's skin. Whether you're considering a new eyeliner for your child or yourself, understanding what to look out for can help you avoid unnecessary risks and choose products that prioritize health and safety.

1. Parabens (Methylparaben, Propylparaben)

• What they are: Parabens are synthetic preservatives used to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in cosmetics.

• Risks: They are known to be endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with hormone function. There are concerns about their potential link to breast cancer and reproductive issues.

• Why to avoid: They can be absorbed through the skin and accumulate in the body, which is concerning for developing children.

2. Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-Releasing Agents (Quaternium-15, DMDM Hydantoin)

• What they are: Formaldehyde is a potent preservative and disinfectant, often used in cosmetics to extend shelf life. Some ingredients release formaldehyde over time.

• Risks: Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen and can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and respiratory issues. It is especially harmful to children.

• Why to avoid: It can be absorbed through the skin, and prolonged exposure may lead to serious health issues.

3. Phthalates (Dibutyl phthalate, Diethylhexyl phthalate)

• What they are: Phthalates are chemicals used to increase the flexibility and longevity of cosmetic products.

• Risks: They are endocrine disruptors and may cause developmental and reproductive toxicity. They can be absorbed through the skin and may accumulate in the body over time.

• Why to avoid: Phthalates have been linked to various health concerns, including birth defects and developmental problems.

4. Toluene

• What it is: Toluene is a solvent often used in cosmetics like eyeliners and nail polishes.

• Risks: It is a neurotoxin and can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea, especially with prolonged exposure. It may also have reproductive toxicity.

• Why to avoid: Toluene can be absorbed through the skin and is harmful to developing children.

5. Lead

• What it is: Lead is a toxic metal sometimes found in trace amounts in makeup products, including eyeliners.

• Risks: Lead is a heavy metal known to cause neurological damage, particularly in young children. It can also affect the kidneys and liver with prolonged exposure.

• Why to avoid: Even low levels of lead exposure can be harmful, especially to children whose bodies are still developing.

6. Coal Tar Dyes (FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Red No. 6)

• What they are: These synthetic dyes are used to add color to cosmetics, including eyeliners.

• Risks: Some coal tar dyes may contain carcinogenic impurities. They are also known to be irritating to the skin and eyes, especially for sensitive individuals.

• Why to avoid: These dyes can be absorbed through the skin and may cause long-term health concerns, particularly for children.

7. Fragrance (Parfum)

• What it is: "Fragrance" or "parfum" is a catch-all term for a variety of chemicals used to create a pleasant scent in cosmetics.

• Risks: Fragrances often contain allergens and irritants that can cause skin sensitivity, allergic reactions, and respiratory issues.

• Why to avoid: Children, in particular, may be more sensitive to fragrances, which can lead to skin rashes or asthma-like symptoms.

8. Synthetic Silicones (Dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane)

• What they are: Silicones are used to give products a smooth, spreadable texture and help them stay on longer.

• Risks: While not as toxic as other ingredients, some silicones can clog pores or irritate sensitive skin. They can also be hard to remove, leaving residue on the skin that can lead to further irritation.

• Why to avoid: They can contribute to skin issues, particularly in children with sensitive skin.

9. Aluminum Compounds (Aluminum Chloride)

• What they are: Some eyeliners, particularly waterproof formulas, may contain aluminum compounds.

• Risks: Aluminum is linked to neurotoxicity and is a possible contributor to conditions like Alzheimer's disease. It can also irritate the skin and eyes.

• Why to avoid: Prolonged exposure to aluminum compounds may be harmful, especially in sensitive or developing skin.

10. BHA and BHT (Butylated HydroxyToluene and Butylated HydroxyAnisole)

• What they are: BHA and BHT are synthetic antioxidants used to preserve products and prevent oxidation.

• Risks: They are classified as possible carcinogens and have been linked to skin irritation and hormone disruption.

• Why to avoid: Though the risks are still debated, it's better to be cautious when it comes to products used on children’s sensitive skin.

11. Triclosan

• What it is: Triclosan is an antibacterial agent that may be found in some eyeliners or other makeup products.

• Risks: Triclosan is a hormone disruptor and has been linked to antibiotic resistance and skin irritation. It is also toxic to aquatic life, which poses an environmental risk.

• Why to avoid: It has been banned in many consumer products in various countries due to safety concerns.

Sourcing and Issues with Ingredient Safety

The ingredients commonly found in mainstream eyeliners are often sourced from both synthetic chemicals and natural substances. These ingredients are produced through industrial processes or chemical synthesis to serve specific functions, such as preservatives, colorants, and emulsifiers. While these processes can make production cost-effective and efficient, they can also introduce various safety concerns and broader socio-economic implications.

1. Parabens, Phthalates, and Formaldehyde-Releasing Agents:

• Sourcing: Parabens and phthalates are petroleum-derived chemicals, and formaldehyde-releasing agents are typically synthetically manufactured. They are cheap to produce and extend shelf life or enhance product texture.

• Issues: The widespread use of petroleum-based chemicals has raised environmental concerns due to their extraction processes, which contribute to pollution and habitat destruction. Additionally, these chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, accumulating in the body over time.

• Health Implications: Long-term exposure to endocrine disruptors like parabens and phthalates may lead to reproductive issues, hormonal imbalances, and increased risks of cancer, particularly with consistent use over years. For children, whose bodies are still developing, these chemicals pose a heightened risk of disrupting natural growth and hormonal regulation.

Parabens, phthalates, and formaldehyde-releasing agents are some of the most commonly used ingredients in eyeliners, primarily because they're cheap and effective at preserving products, preventing bacterial growth, and improving texture. Parabens, for example, are synthetic preservatives that help extend a product's shelf life, while phthalates are used to make products more flexible and smooth.

Formaldehyde-releasing agents, on the other hand, act as preservatives and help keep makeup from spoiling. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and accumulate in the body over time. The real concern is that many of them are known endocrine disruptors, which means they can interfere with your body’s hormonal systems. In children, whose hormones are still developing, this can be particularly problematic, potentially affecting growth and development.

Long-term exposure to these ingredients has also been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers and reproductive issues. Beyond the health risks, these chemicals are often derived from petroleum, which contributes to environmental pollution, and their production can raise ethical concerns related to workers' rights and safety in certain industries.

2. Coal Tar Dyes and Synthetic Fragrances:

• Sourcing: Coal tar dyes are derived from coal or petroleum, and synthetic fragrances are often a blend of petrochemicals or plant-based extracts that have been chemically altered.

• Issues: The sourcing of coal tar dyes raises concerns over environmental damage caused by the mining and refining processes. Similarly, fragrance chemicals are often not fully disclosed, hiding the presence of allergens and irritants. The production of these chemicals can also involve harmful byproducts.

• Health Implications: Long-term exposure to coal tar dyes can increase the risk of skin irritation, allergic reactions, and even cancer due to carcinogenic impurities. Fragrances, while providing pleasant smells, can lead to chronic skin sensitivities and respiratory issues, particularly for those with asthma or allergies.

Coal tar dyes and synthetic fragrances are often added to eyeliners to give them vibrant colors and a pleasant scent, but they come with their own set of concerns. Coal tar dyes, which are derived from petroleum, are commonly used in makeup because they’re inexpensive and provide a wide range of colors. However, these dyes can contain harmful impurities, some of which are known carcinogens.

As for synthetic fragrances, they’re often a blend of petrochemicals or plant-derived substances that have been chemically altered to create a specific scent. While fragrances make products smell nice, they can be a hidden source of irritation. The term “fragrance” on a label can actually refer to a mix of dozens of different chemicals, some of which are allergens or skin irritants, and in some cases, they can even trigger asthma or other respiratory issues.

For kids, whose skin is more sensitive and their respiratory systems more delicate, these ingredients can lead to rashes, breathing problems, or other allergic reactions. Beyond the immediate health risks, both coal tar dyes and synthetic fragrances are often associated with environmental harm, as their production can contribute to pollution and resource depletion. So, while they may make an eyeliner look or smell good, they’re not the most skin-friendly or eco-conscious choices in the long run.

3. Lead and Heavy Metals:

• Sourcing: Lead and other heavy metals can be found in mineral pigments used in eyeliners. These are naturally occurring but may be present in trace amounts due to contamination during the mining and refining of minerals.

• Issues: The sourcing of heavy metals from natural deposits is often not regulated, and their presence in cosmetics is generally not controlled in some regions. This leads to the potential for harmful contamination.

• Health Implications: Long-term exposure to even trace amounts of lead can accumulate in the body, causing neurological damage, kidney problems, and developmental issues. Children are particularly vulnerable, as their smaller bodies absorb toxins more efficiently.

Lead and other heavy metals might not be something you immediately think of when shopping for eyeliner, but they can sometimes be found in trace amounts, especially in products using mineral pigments. These metals are naturally occurring in the earth, but the problem comes when they’re not properly filtered or regulated during the manufacturing process.

Lead, in particular, can be especially concerning because it’s a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time. Even small amounts of lead can pose serious health risks, especially for children. Since kids’ bodies are still developing, they are more vulnerable to lead’s harmful effects, which can include brain and nervous system damage, developmental delays, and learning disabilities.

In addition to lead, other heavy metals like arsenic and cadmium may also show up in cosmetics, though usually in trace amounts, they still pose a risk with repeated exposure. On top of health concerns, the mining and refining processes for these minerals can also be environmentally damaging, contributing to pollution and habitat destruction. So, while lead might not be something you’d expect to find in your eyeliner, it's worth being cautious about, especially when considering how delicate children's skin is and the long-term impact these metals could have on their health.

4. Aluminum Compounds and Silicones:

• Sourcing: Aluminum compounds are mined from bauxite, while silicones are synthetically created through chemical processes. Both are commonly used to provide texture and durability to cosmetic products.

• Issues: Mining aluminum can result in significant environmental degradation, and the production of silicones often leads to non-biodegradable waste. The persistence of silicones in the skin can also hinder the body’s natural ability to detoxify.

• Health Implications: Aluminum compounds are linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, with long-term exposure. Silicones may cause clogged pores, leading to skin irritation and sensitivity, especially in children.

Aluminum compounds and silicones are often added to eyeliners to improve texture, durability, and wear, but both come with potential concerns. Aluminum compounds, such as aluminum chloride, are frequently used in waterproof or long-lasting eyeliners to help the product adhere better to the skin. While aluminum is a naturally occurring metal, when it's used in cosmetics, it can be absorbed through the skin, raising concerns about its long-term effects. Some studies have linked aluminum exposure to neurological issues, like Alzheimer's disease, and there’s ongoing research into its potential impact on brain health.

Silicones, on the other hand, are synthetic ingredients that give makeup that smooth, silky texture and make it glide on easily. They help eyeliners stay put throughout the day and give them a water-resistant quality. However, silicones are known for being hard to remove from the skin, which means they can build up over time, potentially clogging pores and leading to skin irritation or sensitivity. This can be especially problematic for children, whose skin is more delicate and prone to breakouts. Plus, some silicones are not biodegradable, meaning they can contribute to environmental pollution once they wash off into water systems.

While both aluminum and silicones serve useful functions in cosmetics, they come with risks that make them less ideal, particularly for younger, more sensitive skin. It’s worth being cautious about these ingredients if you’re looking for makeup that’s both gentle and environmentally friendly.

Natural Alternatives for a Safer, Healthier Eyeliner

Now that we've explored the potential dangers of common toxic ingredients in eyeliners, it's time to shift focus to safer, more skin-friendly alternatives. Natural and naturally-derived ingredients are increasingly becoming the go-to choice for brands committed to creating safer, eco-conscious beauty products.

These ingredients not only offer a gentler option for delicate skin but also come with additional health benefits, such as hydration, soothing properties, and antioxidant protection. In the following section, we'll take a closer look at some of the best natural alternatives that can be used in eyeliners, offering both safety and performance without the risks associated with synthetic chemicals.

1. Mineral Pigments (e.g., Mica, Iron Oxides, Titanium Dioxide)

• What they are: Mineral pigments like mica, iron oxides, and titanium dioxide are commonly used to provide color and opacity in makeup products. They are finely milled natural minerals.

• Why they're safe: These pigments are generally non-toxic, non-irritating, and safe for sensitive skin. They are also free from harmful chemicals like lead, which can sometimes contaminate synthetic colorants.

• Health Benefits: Mineral pigments are often used in cosmetics specifically for their gentle nature. Titanium dioxide, for instance, can also offer a natural SPF protection.

2. Beeswax

• What it is: Beeswax is a natural wax produced by honeybees and is commonly used in cosmetics to give products structure and improve texture.

• Why it's safe: Beeswax is a natural, non-toxic ingredient that helps keep eyeliner creamy and smooth. It acts as a natural emulsifier and provides moisture, without the potential irritation of synthetic waxes or silicones.

• Health Benefits: Beeswax has antibacterial properties and can help soothe and protect the skin, making it an excellent option for sensitive or delicate skin, like that of children.

3. Candelilla Wax

• What it is: Candelilla wax is a plant-based wax derived from the leaves of the candelilla shrub, native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.

• Why it's safe: Like beeswax, candelilla wax is natural and non-toxic. It is often used as a plant-based alternative to beeswax in vegan formulations, providing structure and texture to the product.

• Health Benefits: Candelilla wax is gentle on the skin and provides a protective barrier that locks in moisture while being less likely to clog pores.

4. Carnauba Wax

• What it is: Carnauba wax is a plant-derived wax obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm, native to Brazil. It is known for its glossy finish and is commonly used in eyeliners and other cosmetics.

• Why it's safe: It is a natural, non-toxic ingredient that is often used as a substitute for synthetic waxes and is suitable for sensitive skin.

• Health Benefits: Carnauba wax is hypoallergenic and has moisturizing properties, making it a safe option for delicate skin around the eyes.

5. Aloe Vera

• What it is: Aloe vera gel is derived from the leaves of the aloe vera plant and is known for its soothing, hydrating properties.

• Why it's safe: Aloe vera is incredibly gentle and often used in cosmetics for its calming effects on the skin, making it ideal for sensitive skin types.

• Health Benefits: Aloe vera helps to soothe irritation, reduce inflammation, and moisturize the skin, which makes it a great choice for products that come in direct contact with the delicate eye area.

6. Castor Oil

• What it is: Castor oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor bean plant.

• Why it's safe: Castor oil is known for its moisturizing and conditioning properties, helping to keep the skin around the eyes soft and hydrated.

• Health Benefits: It is non-comedogenic (won't clog pores) and is less likely to cause irritation. Castor oil also has mild antimicrobial properties, which can help protect the skin from infection.

7. Coconut Oil

• What it is: Coconut oil is a natural oil extracted from the meat of coconuts.

• Why it's safe: Coconut oil is widely regarded as a safe and effective ingredient for skincare products. It has natural antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Health Benefits: It helps to moisturize and soothe the skin, making it ideal for preventing dryness or irritation, especially in sensitive areas like the eyes.

8. Jojoba Oil

• What it is: Jojoba oil is a liquid wax derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant, which is native to North America.

• Why it's safe: Jojoba oil closely resembles the skin's natural oils, making it incredibly gentle and easily absorbed by the skin.

• Health Benefits: It helps balance moisture and can soothe dry, irritated skin. It’s also non-comedogenic and unlikely to cause allergic reactions, making it an excellent choice for sensitive skin.

9. Olive Oil

• What it is: Olive oil is a natural oil obtained from the fruit of the olive tree and is often used in skincare for its hydrating properties.

• Why it's safe: Olive oil is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, making it a safe and effective ingredient for moisturizing and nourishing the skin.

• Health Benefits: It can help protect the skin’s natural barrier, reducing irritation or inflammation. It's especially good for dry skin and can be gentle enough for use around the eyes.

10. Green Tea Extract

• What it is: Green tea extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant and is known for its powerful antioxidant properties.

• Why it's safe: Green tea extract is rich in polyphenols and other compounds that help protect the skin from oxidative stress and inflammation. It is a safe and gentle ingredient for sensitive skin.

• Health Benefits: Green tea extract can reduce puffiness, calm irritation, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it an ideal addition to makeup products used around the eyes.

11. Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

• What it is: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is often derived from natural sources like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

• Why it's safe: Vitamin E is widely used in skincare for its skin-healing and moisturizing properties. It’s also a natural preservative, extending the shelf life of products without the need for synthetic chemicals.

• Health Benefits: It helps protect the skin from environmental damage, reduces signs of aging, and improves skin hydration, making it a valuable ingredient in gentle eyeliners.

In conclusion, choosing the right eyeliner for your skin, especially for children or those with sensitive skin, requires a careful consideration of the ingredients it contains. Many conventional eyeliners are loaded with synthetic chemicals like parabens, phthalates, coal tar dyes, and heavy metals, which can pose serious health risks over time. These ingredients not only have the potential to irritate the skin but can also disrupt hormones, contribute to long-term health issues, and harm the environment.

Thankfully, there are safer, more natural alternatives that can provide the same effectiveness without the harmful side effects. Ingredients like mineral pigments, beeswax, aloe vera, and nourishing oils such as castor and jojoba offer a safer, gentler option, especially for those with delicate skin.

By opting for products that use naturally-derived ingredients, you can make a positive impact on both your health and the environment, while still achieving the bold, beautiful eye looks you love. Being mindful of what goes on your skin and choosing products that prioritize safety and sustainability helps ensure you're protecting the wellbeing of your children and yourself.